Treatise in Turkish bows

This is Payne-Gallwey's outdated and inaccurate treatise. It was important in its time, but even then it was criticised by Ingo Simon, specifically the manner of using the thumb ring. More recently, there have been several serious comments on his identification of neck tendon as the source of sinew on the backs of Turkish bows.

I've been wondering for a long time if Mr. Payne did really shoot with the thumbring the way he claimed it to be the only correct, he wrote he did, but it's quite hard to believe so.

You could look at what Payne-Gallwey was doing as turning an ordinary thumb ring into a Korean male ring. It would certainly have been uncomfortable and would have damaged the string.

I have seen some correspondence suggesting that Ingo Simon, who knew Sir Ralph personally, wasn't sure that he maintained this technique throughout his life. Payne-Gallwey did shoot some powerful Turkish bows. It is hard to believe that he would have shot bows in that uncomfortable manner, but people do strange things.